A new approach to the thixotropic behaviour of sewage sludge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thixotropy refers to a strong dependence of the material behaviour on the previous flow history, which in particular means that the time to achieve complete structural rebuilding at rest increases with the previous shear intensity. In that case it is more or less implicitly assumed that particle-particle interactions play a role at rest (in the rebuilding phase) while viscous dissipations dominate as soon as flow starts. In this paper, we demonstrate that the rheological behaviour of sewage sludge is driven by a competition between solid interactions and viscous forces under shear. The latter effects dominate above a critical shear stress,Ï"c , but below this value, the solid structure progressively rebuilds even under shear as the shear rate decreases towards zero (which in particular generates dead zones in circular cups or tanks). We also show that the time-dependent phase is directly related to the flow history of the material: beyond Ï"c the transient phase is longer as the time of rest increases, while below Ï"c the shear compliance, which reflects the brittleness of the solid network, decreases with the time of rest. Moreover, by scaling the experimental time by (t_r)^n where tr and n are respectively the time of rest and an ageing index, all the compliance curves fall along a master curve, indicating some self-similarity of the behaviour of the material during aging for different flow histories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".