Determinants of vitamin A status among pregnant women participating in the Mama SASHA Cohort Study of Vitamin A in Western Kenya: preliminary findings (624.9)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mothers’ vitamin A (VA) status during pregnancy and lactation determine infants’ VA levels. We estimated VA status during pregnancy and assessed its determinants using data on 505 pregnant women attending first antenatal care visit in Western Kenya. VA and iron status were assessed using plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), and ferritin and transferrin receptor, respectively, corrected for inflammation as measured by C‐reactive protein (CRP>5 mg/L) and α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (>1 g/L)]. Anemia was assessed with Hemocue hemoglobinometer. Only 34% of women had heard of VA, and 26% of them could not specify its importance. School was the most common source of VA information (68%), followed by health facility (19%). Mean (±SD) RBP was 1.44 (±0.35) µmol/l and the prevalence of VA deficiency (VAD) was 21.8%. Prevalence of inflammation (by CRP) was 24%. Anemia, but not iron deficiency anemia, was the only factor associated with VAD (OR (CI): 1.68 (1.05, 2.71). Other potentially modifiable factors, including food insecurity, dietary diversity, awareness of VA, household or maternal consumption of VA rich foods, maternal MUAC and gestational age were not associated with VAD. The prevalence of VAD is high among pregnant women in Western Kenya and associated with anemia but not iron deficiency anemia. Additional research is needed to understand the etiology of VAD in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".