Bibliographic record
Abstract
This entry focuses on views on the end of time, and on the apocalyptic views (defined as the views on an upheaval of existence caused by evil forces, and a subsequent reestablishment of order thanks to the action of good entities), in Zoroastrianism between the pre‐Islamic period and the early Islamic period (ninth–tenth centuries ce ) of Iranian history. It first examines the main views on the end of time according to the Avesta, the sacred textual corpus of Zoroastrianism. It explains how the main doctrine of Avestan eschatology is that, at the end of history, evil is eliminated from the cosmos. The entry then focuses on the apocalyptic views contained in the Zoroastrian Pahlavi literature, which are also rooted in the view that evil is ultimately defeated. It outlines the apocalyptic events taking place in the final three of the twelve millennia into which history is divided according to Pahlavi literature, and describes the events that accompany the final elimination of evil according to this literature. The entry provides some information on the main Pahlavi source with apocalyptic contents, the “Explanation of the Hymn of Wahman,” a text dating probably to the ninth century ce . The entry also briefly discusses the traces of knowledge outside of the Zoroastrian community, in the period it discusses, of Zoroastrian views on the end of time. Finally, it addresses the question of the possible impact of Zoroastrian views on the end of time on Judaism and Christianity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.047 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".