ENSO‐Driven Fires Cause Large Interannual Variability in the Naturally Emitted, Ozone‐Depleting Trace Gas CH<sub>3</sub>Br
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Methyl bromide (CH3Br) is an ozone depleting trace gas that is now mainly emitted from natural sources. Roughly 80% of anthropogenic production of CH3Br was phased‐out in response to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer beginning in 1999 and atmospheric levels of CH3Br have declined considerably since. Here we use surface measurements of CH3Br from NOAA's global air sampling network, along with a six‐box atmosphere/ocean model to explore interannual variability in atmospheric CH3Br mole fractions. We find that CH3Br mole fractions are strongly correlated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, but variability in winds, sea surface temperature, and biological production during ENSO are unlikely to drive the observed changes in atmospheric CH3Br directly. Rather, the results indicate that ENSO‐driven changes to biomass burning are an important cause of the observed interannual CH3Br variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".