Identification, Classification, and Distribution of the Suprameatal Crest in Multi‐Regional Modern and Extinct Human Populations: A CT Imaging Study with Clinical Correlates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The temporal bone houses one of the most primitive sensory apparatus in its arsenal – balance, and is considered an evolutionarily conserved skeletal element of the skull. While the cranial base portion of the temporal bone exhibits a high plastic threshold to change, variation in other cranial portions subject to alteration may signal adaptive evolutionary modifications. The suprameatal crest (SC) is a clinically important osteological landmark in surgical approaches to the mastoid air cells, but few studies have examined its frequency and distribution in multi‐regional human populations (MRHP). This study identifies, categorizes and tracks the distribution of the SC in three distinct regional populations (European, African, and Inuit) and examines the degree of expression in three extinct fossil human specimens. CT imaging coupled with inspectional analysis of dry skulls showed a highly variable appearance of the SC morphology. In both the African and Inuit groups 90% presented with a SC morphology compared with only 70% in the European sample. The African and Inuit showed an even distribution in their degree of expression of a SC scoring 56% pronounced and 44% traced and 44% pronounced and 56% traced respectively. The European sample showed a 71% traced and a 29% pronounced SC morphology while all three fossils presented with a pronounced SC morphology. Further studies should investigate MRHP to document variation and the reliability of the SC as a viable surgical landmark.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".