Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Increases the Risk of Gestational Diabetes: Truth or Illusion?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this issue of The Journal of Rheumatology , Gernaat et al1 conducted a population-based study to evaluate whether the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by comparing pregnancies in women with SLE to those in general population controls. The authors used a Swedish medical registry to collect data from 695 SLE pregnancies and 4644 non-SLE pregnancies in Sweden between November 2006 and 2016. They found a 2-fold increased risk of GDM in SLE, which did not differ by glucocorticoid (GC) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) medication. Pregnancy with SLE is considered a high-risk pregnancy. Studies have shown that patients with SLE are at increased risk of maternal death, preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and infection.2 However, whether pregnancy with SLE is associated with an increased risk of GDM remains controversial. GDM, one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy, is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.3 The prevalence of GDM in the study by Gernaat et al1 (2.6%) was lower than that previously reported in pregnancy with SLE (5–28.3%).4 Maternal overweight and obesity, maternal age ≥ 35 years, previous history of GDM, and family history of type 2 DM are major GDM risk factors.5 Previous studies have shown that patients with SLE have hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome.6 In other words, GDM … Address correspondence to Dr. W. Di, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160 Rd. Pujian, Shanghai 200127, China. Email: diwen163{at}163.com. Address correspondence to Dr. J. Wu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160 Rd. Pujian, Shanghai 200127, China. Email: janet\_wu\_jiayue{at}163.com.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".