Experimental Comparison of PAM and CAP Modulation for Visible Light Communication Under Illumination Constraints
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we study different modulation techniques for visible light communication (VLC), taking illumination constraints into account. Two modulation schemes are compared, namely pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation, through both simulations and experimental measurements. The data link under study is based on low-cost components comprising a white light-emitting diode (LED) and a silicon PIN photodiode. Moreover, the proposed VLC system complies with illumination standards and limits the brightness level to that of a typical office room. The impact of the roll-off factor parameter, which is directly related to the total occupied bandwidth, and the maximum achievable throughput for PAM and CAP are studied. Moreover, adaptive postdistortion based on a Volterra series expansion is implemented to mitigate the effects of LED nonlinearity in practice. We also demonstrate that 8-PAM can outperform 64-CAP and discrete multitone (DMT) when the LED nonlinearity is adequately compensated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it