<i>Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum</i>and<i>Pseudomonas asplenii</i>: causal agents of bacterial soft rot in cyclamen plants (<i>Cyclamen persicum</i>Mill.) in Colombia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.) is an ornamental plant affected by various phytosanitary issues including bacterial soft rots, which cause crop losses of 20% worldwide. In Colombia, however, the symptoms of bacterial soft rots are not well described and the causal agents are unknown. This study aimed to characterize the bacterial soft rot disease according to its symptoms, and identify its causal agents at the species level. For this purpose, we visited nurseries in the municipality of San Antonio del Tequendama, Colombia, and selected diseased plants to describe symptoms, and to isolate and characterize pathogens using morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Soft rotting activity in potato tubers and pathogenicity in cyclamen plants also was evaluated. Six symptoms were found to be associated with the disease, namely: wilt, soft corm, bacterial exudates on corms, root rot, soft rot and necrotic soft rot on petioles and peduncles. Of 47 isolates, seven were pathogenic: one from the soft corms; two from petioles with soft rot; two from petioles with necrotic soft rot; and two from root rot. A multiple correspondence analysis clustered isolates in the genera Pseudomonas, Dickeya and Pectobacterium based on the morphological, biochemical, and pathogenic characteristics. A multi-locus analysis (MLSA) based on sequencing of the 16S rDNA region and housekeeping genes (gapA, icdA, mdh, pgi, rpoB and rpoD) confirmed the bacterial species Pseudomonas asplenii, Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum as the causal agents of cyclamen bacterial soft rot in Colombia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".