Sparse canonical correlation analysis reveals relationships between TDP‐43 within the entorhinal cortex and fractional anisotropy across widespread white matter tracts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background While research has focused on gray matter alterations in neurodegeneration, investigating the relationship between white matter and neuropathology allows for additional insight into disease effects on broad brain networks. TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), which has shown to be involved in various neurodegenerative disorders involving axonal damage including ALS, FTLD, and LATE, is associated with lower WM integrity. We used sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) to explore the relationships between ante‐mortem WM integrity and post‐mortem TDP‐43. Method Diffusion weighted images were gathered on a 1.5T scanner and processed using TORTOISE in order to calculate fractional anisotropy (FA) in a sample of 70 older adults from two longitudinal cohort studies, the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. We registered the white matter ROIs from the John’s Hopkins University (JHU) DTI atlas to the study‐specific template using ANTS. Average FA was computed for each ROI and was included in the SCCA. A semi‐quantitative rating of TDP‐43 severity was assessed in 5 regions. Disease burden in each region and average FA within 48 ROIs were inputs for the SCCA. A fused lasso penalty based on permutation testing was employed to promote sparsity. Result The 70 subjects were 91.10 (SD=6.08) years old at death with a median interval from MRI to death of 3.11 years (SD=1.45). Sixty‐four percent were female, and 36% had dementia at their last study visit prior to death. TDP pathology was present in 47% of individuals. SCCA produced one canonical variable (Cor=0.36) which identified one regional pathology variable (TDP‐43 within the entorhinal cortex; Feature weight =‐1.0) and six FA ROIs: pontine crossing tract (0.597), splenium of corpus callosum (0.531), right anterior limb of internal capsule (0.001), superior corona radiata (0.411), and bilateral anterior corona radiata (Right: 0.115 and Left: 0.422). Conclusion Identified WM ROIs within the brainstem align with previous research within TDP‐43 related disorders, including those with motor neuron involvement such as FTLD‐U. Further, findings within bundles connecting parietal and temporal areas indicate the importance of TDP‐43 in broad brain networks which could relate to the deficits seen in memory and executive functions within FTLD and related disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".