Effects of subsoiling tillage on structure, permeability, and crop yields on compacted Solonetzic and Chernozemic dryland soils in Western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compaction induced by field wheel traffic and dense layers in the subsoil may adversely alter soil structure, impede soil aeration, restrict water infiltration and nutrient uptake, and inhibit plant root development, negatively affecting plant yields. Reclaiming compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils with hardpan B horizons may be possible through subsoiling operations to loosen the soil to depth, e.g. ~0.30 m. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsoiling on soil physical properties and plant yield in wheel traffic compacted and non-compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southern Saskatchewan Canada. Subsoiling increased air permeability in the compacted Chernozemic soil from 4.5x10-7 m sec-1 to 2.9x10-6 m sec-1. In the compacted Solonetzic soil, subsoiling significantly decreased soil cone index to 1579 kPa compared to 2376 kPa in the non-subsoiled treatment. Crop yields (hard red spring wheat, dry peas) in the two years following the treatment were similar among tillage and compaction treatments in the Chernozemic soil. However, subsoiling of the compacted Solonetzic soil resulted in a seed yield increase of canola of ~ 1000 kg ha-1 in the first year of study and no treatment effect in the second year when wheat was grown. Overall, subsoiling of the compacted soils tended to improve soil physical properties, especially in the Solonetzic soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".