Dispersion of flame‐retardant powdered phosphorylated kraft pulp fibers in polyester resin and their effect on the flammability of glass‐reinforced composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Materials used in many sectors like building or transportation must respect flame resistance standards. In this work, a dispersion of flame retardant phosphorylated kraft fibers (PKF), used in replacement of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) in a polyester resin of a glass‐reinforced composite laminate, and their impact on the flame retardancy of the material was investigated. SEM and EDS images showed a regular and homogeneous distribution of PKF in the resin matrix. The addition of PKF in the resin has a significant impact on the flammability parameters of the composite. For the tested experimental conditions, powdered PKF can be dispersed into the resin at a maximum powder/resin ratio of 20 wt% to maintain a low enough viscosity of resin for molding and procure a significant weight reduction of the laminate. However, there seems to be several unprotected areas in the material, by either PKF or ATH, that could promote flame propagation and smoke emission. Complete coverage of laminate with PKF will need to be achieved for a complete substitution of ATH.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".