Biofilm streamer growth dynamics in various microfluidic channels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biofilms are microbial colonies that are encapsulated in extracellular polymers secreted by cells through their proliferation and differentiation. Biofilms exist on solid surfaces, liquid surfaces, or in liquid media, where the growth of the bacterial biofilm is closely related to the velocity of the secondary flow, main flow, and geometry of the channel, which are difficult to measure in a natural fluid environment, making the study of the biofilm streamer growth process difficult. In this study, we used microfluidic channels made of polydimethylsiloxane to study the growth dynamics of Bacillus subtilis biofilm streamers. We observed that the biofilm streamer growth undergoes three stages with different growth characteristics. First, we found that the initial growth of the streamer is located at the position with the maximum value of P = secondary flow velocity × main flow velocity. Second, the biofilm underwent floating growth around the microcolumn obstacle. After the transition stage, the last growth stage includes two types because of the different attachment strengths and mechanical properties of the biofilm. Our research provides new insights into the formation and shedding of biofilm streamers in natural and industrial environments and helps us to better understand biofilm growth in fluid flow.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".