Morphometrics of the Anatomical Lacrimal‐Ethmoid Relationship: Examination of Racial Variation for Maxillectomy Surgical Procedures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The medial maxillectomy operation is an aggressive surgical procedure directed at total en bloc extirpation of tumors that involve the ethmoid labyrinth and medial orbital wall. It is the procedure of choice for sinonasal tumors that extend to the cribriform plate, fovea ethmoidalis, and orbit. Determining the location of the ethmoidal blood vessels in or adjacent to the frontal ethmoid suture line is critical in preventing intracranial entry and orbital hemorrhage during surgery. Typically, a generic estimate of the distance from the lacrimal fossa to the frontal‐ethmoid suture is used to identify the anterior ethmoid artery (AEA) regardless of race. This morphometric study examines variation of the distance between dacryon to ethmoidal foramina in four continentally‐distinct human population groups (Inuit, German, West African, and Singaporean) (n=20). An urban population was also included to determine the variance of the measures (n=27). Results showed statistically significant differences between the African and Inuit groups ( p < 0.05) while the Singaporeans and Africans clustered together as a whole. Given the high variance found in the measured distances between lacrimal and ethmoid craniofacial landmarks, consideration of polyethnic affinities may be essential to the correct calculation of surgical resection parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".