Mixed Outbreak of Falciparum and Vivax Malaria and Dengue Fever Among the Egyptian Five-a-Side Ball Team Returning From Nigeria After Participation in the African Cup of Nations (Egypt, July 2021)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background On July 28, 2021, the Port Saeed health directorate was reported of a team member of the Egyptian five-a-side ball team who was admitted to the Port Saeed Fever Hospital on the same day with acute onset of high fever, headache, malaise, and delirium. The patient has recently returned from Nigeria with his teammates after participation in the African Cup of Nations. On asking the patient about other cases among his teammates, he informed of 1 who started to feel sick in Nigeria and was quarantined in the Abasia Fever Hospital in Cairo and another 2 who were currently at their homes in Port Saeed. Objective This study aims to confirm an outbreak, identify possible causes, and implement necessary control measures. Methods All 26 team members were contacted in their governorates. Active case finding among them and their contacts was performed using sensitive case definition. A case was defined as anyone from the Egyptian five-a-side ball team returning from Nigeria or their contacts who complained of sudden onset of fever, malaise, or respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptomatic patients were swabbed for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Blood samples were collected for malaria film and immunoglobulin M (IgM) for dengue testing. Results Of 26 team members, 7 (27%) complained of symptoms, with an attack rate of 26.9%. Their mean age was 37.1 (8.6) years, and all of them were males. Of the 7 cases, 6 (86%) were from Port Saeed, their clinical symptoms ranged from fever (n=3, 43%) malaise (n=7, 100%), headache (n=4, 57%), nausea (n=3, 43%), and delirium (n=1, 14%). Laboratory testing confirmed 4 (57%) cases with malaria falciparum, including 1 (14%) positive for COVID-19. In addition, the blood film of 2 (28%) patients showed malaria falciparam and vivax, and 1 (14%) patient was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and dengue. All patients recovered and were discharged from the hospitals. Patients did not receive malaria prophylaxis before traveling, and they were sleeping in tents near a forest, where they exposed to mosquito bites. A vector survey was performed, and mosquito spraying and larvae destruction near the residential areas of all team members were implemented. Conclusions An outbreak of malaria and dengue occurred among the Egyptian five-a-side ball team that recently returned from Nigeria. The outbreak was caused by defective malaria-preventive measures with no prophylaxis. Outbreak was controlled through early patient detection, isolation, and treatment. In addition to entomological and environmental preventive measures, it is necessary to ensure that all sports teams traveling to malaria- and dengue-endemic areas receive prophylaxis and apply protective measures against mosquito bites.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".