Deregulated Distribution System Planning - Incremental Capacity Auction Mechanism With Transactive DERs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs) are driving the transformation of traditional distribution networks into transactive energy distribution systems (TEDS). TEDS depart from conventional distribution system constructs to 1) enable a local distribution operator to maximize social welfare, 2) enable peer-to-peer energy transactions, 3) extract maximum participation and benefits from DERs, 4) usher in competition in the distribution sector to supply electricity via DERs, and 5) hold the potential for a lower asset cost solution, greater customer choice, and higher reliability. The conventional distribution system planning is inadequate for this purpose. Following the new TEDS paradigm, an incremental capacity auction (ICA) is proposed in this paper considering: 1) bids for power capacity from all energy sources (DERs and transmission), 2) bids for network asset upgrades from equipment vendors, and 3) bids from new loads. A holistic auction settlement procedure is developed for the proposed ICA mechanism that can concurrently determine the optimal power capacity to be procured and network asset upgrading, while maximizing social welfare. Further, locational marginal price for power capacity demand is estimated as a by-product of the ICA solution. Benefits are demonstrated via case studies and include increased participation of DERs to supply energy, maximizing the social welfare, and enabling assets deferral considering the available local resources.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".