Performance Evaluation of Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Multiplexing Systems Impaired by Phase Noise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, the performance of orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode multiplexing systems is investigated in the presence of oscillator phase noise (PN). First, the OAM spectrum is calculated for an OAM carrying beam that is generated by a uniform circular array (UCA) connected to an imperfect oscillator. It is shown that the OAM mode purity is insensitive to PN. Subsequently, the system model of the UCA-based OAM multiplexing in the presence of PN is presented. Using this model, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the sum-rate of the system are derived as a function of PN statistics. The significant reduction in the system throughput due to the PN confirms the necessity of an effective PN mitigation scheme. Hence, the system model after applying a generic pilot-based PN mitigation is also investigated, and the SINR and the sum-rate after PN compensation are analytically derived. Simulation results, generated for various PN models, reveal the existing design trade-offs between the pilot overhead and the sum-rate in these systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".