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Record W4211213624 · doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_305

Polymerization Processes

2000· reference-entry· en· W4211213624 on OpenAlexaff
A. E. Hamielec, Hidetaka Tobita

Bibliographic record

VenueUllmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · 2000
Typereference-entry
Languageen
FieldChemistry
TopicAdvanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Canadian institutionsMcMaster University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolymerizationCationic polymerizationChain transferChain-growth polymerizationLiving polymerizationBranching (polymer chemistry)Ionic polymerizationPolymer chemistryCopolymerLiving free-radical polymerizationKinetic chain lengthRadical polymerizationBulk polymerizationReversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerizationChemistryPrecipitation polymerizationSolution polymerizationMaterials sciencePolymerOrganic chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction-Trends in Polymer Reaction Engineering 2. Polymerization Mechanisms and Kinetics 2.1. Step-Growth Polymerization 2.1.1. Linear Polymerization 2.1.2. Interfacial Polymerization 2.1.3. Nonlinear Polymerization 2.2. Chain-Growth Polymerization 2.2.1. Free-Radical Polymerization 2.2.1.1. Initiation 2.2.1.2. Propagation 2.2.1.3. Termination 2.2.1.4. Chain Transfer to Small Molecules 2.2.1.5. Kinetics of Linear Polymerization 2.2.1.6. Effect of Temperature 2.2.1.7. Branching Reactions 2.2.2. Ionic Polymerization 2.2.2.1. Cationic Polymerization 2.2.2.2. Anionic Polymerization 2.2.2.3. Ziegler - Natta Polymerization 2.3. Copolymerization 2.3.1. Copolymer Composition 2.3.2. Kinetics of Copolymerization 2.3.3. Copolymerization of Vinyl and Divinyl Monomers 3. Polymerization Processes and Reactor Modeling 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Processes and Reactor Modeling for Step-Growth Polymerization 3.2.1. Types of Reactors and Reactor Modeling 3.2.2. Specific Processes 3.3. Processes and Reactor Modeling for Chain-Growth Polymerization 3.3.1. Material Balance Equations for Batch, Semi-Batch, and Continuous Reactors 3.3.1.1. Rates of Reaction and Copolymer Composition 3.3.1.2. Molecular Masses, Long-Chain Branching, and Cross-Linking 3.3.2. Examples of Free-Radical Polymerization 3.3.2.1. Homopolymerization - Linear Chains 3.3.2.2. Copolymerization - Linear Chains 3.3.2.3. Copolymerization - Long-Chain Branching 3.3.3. Polymerization Processes 3.3.3.1. Solution Polymerization 3.3.3.1.1. Polymer Soluble in Monomer 3.3.3.1.2. Addition of a Solvent in which both Monomer and Polymer are Miscible 3.3.3.1.3. Polymer - Polymer Demixing during Polymerization 3.3.3.2. Precipitation Polymerization 3.3.3.2.1. Polymer Insoluble in its Monomer 3.3.3.2.2. Monomer Functioning as Solvent for the Polymer 3.3.3.3. Suspension Polymerization 3.3.3.3.1. Qualitative Description 3.3.3.3.2. Dispersants 3.3.3.3.3. Mechanism of Particle Formation 3.3.3.3.4. Industrial Applications 3.3.3.4. Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.3.4.1. Theories of Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.3.4.2. Physicochemical Parameters of Dispersions 3.3.3.4.3. Inverse Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.3.4.4. Semi-Batch Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.3.4.5. Continuous Emulsion Polymerization 3.3.4. Miscellaneous Processes 3.3.5. Ionic Polymerization Modeling 3.3.5.1. Introduction 3.3.5.2. Heterogeneous Coordination Polymerization 3.3.6. Process Variables, Reactor Dynamics/ Stability, On-Line Monitoring and Control 3.3.6.1. Influence of Reactor Type and Configuration on Molecular Mass and Copolymer Composition Distributions, and on Long-Chain Branching and Cross-Linking 3.3.6.1.1. Monomer Coupling with Bimolecular Termination Plug Flow and Batch Reactors (CPFR/BR) 3.3.6.1.2. Monomer Coupling Without Termination Plug Flow and Batch Reactors (CPFR/BR) 3.3.6.1.3. Polymer Coupling 3.3.6.1.4. Copolymerization 3.3.6.1.5. Long-Chain Branching and Cross-Linking 3.3.6.2. Reactor Dynamics and Stability 3.3.6.3. On-Line Monitoring and Control 4. Acknowledgement

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.858
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0190.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.214 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations21
Published2000
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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