AT2019azh: an unusually long-lived, radio-bright thermal tidal disruption event
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur when a star is destroyed by a supermassive black hole at the centre of a galaxy, temporarily increasing the accretion rate on to the black hole and producing a bright flare across the electromagnetic spectrum. Radio observations of TDEs trace outflows and jets that may be produced. Radio detections of the outflows from TDEs are uncommon, with only about one-third of TDEs discovered to date having published radio detections. Here, we present over 2 yr of comprehensive, multiradio frequency monitoring observations of the TDE AT2019azh taken with the Very Large Array and MeerKAT radio telescopes from approximately 10 d pre-optical peak to 810 d post-optical peak. AT2019azh shows unusual radio emission for a thermal TDE, as it brightened very slowly over 2 yr, and showed fluctuations in the synchrotron energy index of the optically thin synchrotron emission from 450 d post-disruption. Based on the radio properties, we deduce that the outflow in this event is likely non-relativistic and could be explained by a spherical outflow arising from self-stream intersections or a mildly collimated outflow from accretion on to the supermassive black hole. This data set provides a significant contribution to the observational data base of outflows from TDEs, including the earliest radio detection of a non-relativistic TDE to date, relative to the optical discovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".