Lithium’s buzz: extractivism between booms in Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plans for decarbonizing energy transitions – attempts to mitigate the climate crisis through electrifying the global economy – will require minerals like lithium for the electric vehicles and batteries of the near future. As a result, a ‘buzz’ of economic speculation, governmental policy making, and grassroots opposition is intensifying in the so-called ‘lithium triangle’ in Southern Bolivia, north western Argentina, and Northern Chile. Using archival investigation and stakeholder interviews this article examines the temporal and spatial effects of the extractivist buzz as it operates through complex ecological and social dynamics complicated further still by energy transitions. As decarbonization and the climate crisis inform and inflect extractivism, they also offer new vantages from which to understand established global, regional, and local power relations. Extractivism produces and shapes landscapes and timescapes through anticipation, frontiers, and sacrifice: buzz, boom, and bust cycles that have shaped livelihoods and landscapes in these three countries since colonization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it