Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP 01 from sweet sorghum juice was conducted under nutrient supplementation and/or aeration conditions. Yeast extract (YE) and dried spent yeast (DSY) were used as nitrogen supplements. Under high gravity (HG, ∼200 g l−1 of total sugar) conditions, the addition of either 6 g l−1 of YE or 9 g l−1 of DSY did not increase the ethanol concentration (P), but it promoted the rate of ethanol production or ethanol productivity (Qp). The Qp value of the control treatment (no supplement) was 1.96 g l−1 h−1. The P (93.4–94.0 g l−1) and Qp (3.89–3.92 g l−1 h−1) values under the YE and DSY supplementation were comparable, indicating that DSY could be used to replace YE in ethanol production. Under very high gravity (VHG, ∼280 g l−1 of total sugar) conditions, the supplementation of nitrogen and trace elements (Zn2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+) coupled with the aeration supply were required to improve the ethanol production efficiency. Under the supplementation (in g l−1) of DSY (13.5), Zn2+ (0.01), Mg2+ (0.05) and Mn2+ (0.04) in the presence of aeration supply at 0.05 vvm for 12 h, the P and Qp values were 126.3 g l−1 and 2.11 g l−1 h−1, respectively. The P and Qp values under the same supplementation without aeration were 114.8 g l−1 and 1.91 g l−1 h−1, respectively, and these values under no supplementation and no aeration were 108.0 g l−1 and 1.50 g l−1 h−1, respectively. In addition, glycerol (the main by-product during ethanol fermentation) under aeration conditions was ∼3 g l−1 lower than that without aeration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.744 | 0.628 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".