In vitro antifungal activity of essential oils against fluconazole-susceptible and-resistant Candida albicans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clinical significance and species limits in the genus ArthrodermaIvana Mu00edkovu00e11, Adu00e9la u010cmokovu00e11,2, Connie F.C. Gibas3, Lynne Sigler4, Jeffrey M. Lorch5, Rahul Sharma6, Vu00edt Hubka1,2 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benu00e1tsku00e1 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic2Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology ASCR, Vu00eddeu0148sku00e1 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic3Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Centre, San Antonio, USA4University of Alberta, Microfungus Collection and Herbarium [now UAMH Centre for Global Microfungal Diversity] and Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada5Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA6Microbial Culture Collection, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, IndiaObjectives: Geophilic dermatophytes are a speciose ecological group within Arthrodermataceae naturally occurring in soil, especially around burrows and nests of terrestrial vertebrates and birds. They act as relatively uncommon causal agents of infections in human and animals (1u20135 % of all dermatophytoses worlwide) without significant contagious potential. The taxonomy of geophilic dermatophytes has been insufficiently studied compared to their better known relatives from among anthropophilic and zoophilic species. Consequently, significant number of species still await discovery. The aim of this study was to revise species boundaries in the geophilic genus Arthroderma with focus on species occurring in clinical samples.Methods: The examined Arthroderma strains from clinical samples and environment were analysed using DNA sequence data (ITS rDNA region, u03b2-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-u03b1 genes) and by means of morphological and physiological methods. The agreement between phylogenetic/morphological and biological species concept was studies by using in vitro mating experiments. The morphology of ascospores was examined by scanning electron microscopy and viability of ascospores was determined by flow cytometry.Results: The phylogenetic analysis showed that clinical isolates from the former Trichophyton terrestre complex cluster predominantly in A. quadrifidum, A. insingulare and A. onychocola. In addition, this complex harbours several undescribed soil-borne and cave-dwelling species supported by phylogenetic analysis, mating experiment data and morphology. A neotype designation is needed for Trichophyton terrestre together with name combination in the genus Arthroderma.Conclusions: Several undescribed species were revealed by using multidisciplinary approach in the former Trichophyton terrestre complex. At least three members of this complex are either uncommon agents of infections in human or occur as contaminants in clinical material.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".