Potential impact and phenology of the biological control agent, <i>Hypena opulenta</i> on <i>Vincetoxicum nigrum</i> in Michigan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pre-release studies indicate that the defoliating moth, Hypena opulenta, can be effective at reducing biomass, survival, and seed production of invasive swallow-wort vines. However, laboratory studies to date report higher defoliation rates and larval densities than are present in the field five years post-release in Canada. To understand the consequences of H. opulenta feeding on black swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum nigrum, at more realistic densities, we conducted experimental cage releases in Michigan. We also evaluated the phenology of the moth. We released 1, 2, or 5 pairs of H. opulenta on caged swallow-wort and measured resulting larval densities, defoliation levels, plant fecundity and survival for two years. To determine which release date may result in two generations of H. opulenta in Michigan, we released adults in June or July at one sunny and one shaded location and followed their phenology. Larval densities and damage increased with release size, but plant survival and fecundity were not affected. Hypena opulenta produced two generations when released in June at >15 h day length. Survival of H. opulenta and defoliation rates were higher in the shaded environment. These results support previous findings regarding better performance of H. opulenta at shaded sites, however, larval densities achieved in the field both in this experiment and at Canadian release sites are still too low to negatively affect swallow-wort fitness. Moreover, we were unable to confirm overwintering success and thus establishment of H. opulenta in Michigan is not yet known.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".