Electrocatalytic Properties of Fe-Cu Composites Prepared on the Basis of the Reduced Copper (II) Ferrite
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) samples were prepared by the co-precipitation method without and in the presence of a polymer stabilizer (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) followed by heat treatment at 500, 700, and 900°C and electrochemical reduction. The structure and morphological features of the samples were investigated by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. It was established that copper (II) ferrite is reduced in an electrochemical system with the formation of Fe-Cu composites with different content of reduced metals, which is influenced by the heat treatment temperature. Copper ferrite prepared with the use of the polymer stabilizer is partially reduced during thermolysis, additionally in an electrochemical cell. The Fe-Cu composites were employed as electrocatalysts in the electrohydrogenation of p-nitrobenzoic acid and exhibited good activity in this process. To study the interaction in the CuFe2O4 + PVA complexes, the quantum-chemical calculations were performed using the density functional theory methods for the simplified metal-containing systems (atoms and ions of copper (II), iron (III), Cu2, Fe2 molecules) as well as dimers and trimers modeling the structure of polyvinyl alcohol.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".