Dynamic Windage Yaw Angle and Dynamic Wind Load Factor of a Suspension Insulator String
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simplified calculation method is proposed for determining the peak dynamic windage yaw angle <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <a:mrow> <a:mover accent="true"> <a:mi>φ</a:mi> <a:mo>^</a:mo> </a:mover> </a:mrow> </a:mfenced> </a:math> of electricity transmission line (TL) tower suspension insulator strings (SISs). According to the rigid-body rule, the geometric stiffness matrix in the calculation of the windage yaw angle <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <g:mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <g:mrow> <g:mi>φ</g:mi> </g:mrow> </g:mfenced> </g:math> of SISs is dominated by the average wind loads, while the fluctuating wind loads are the dominant factor in the elastic stiffness. With the average wind state of conductors as the initial calculation condition, the load-response-correlation (LRC) method can be used to determine the fluctuating windage yaw angle <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <l:mfenced open="(" close=")" separators="|"> <l:mrow> <l:msub> <l:mrow> <l:mi>φ</l:mi> </l:mrow> <l:mrow> <l:mi>d</l:mi> </l:mrow> </l:msub> </l:mrow> </l:mfenced> </l:math> and the corresponding equivalent static wind loads (ESWLs). Then, the improved rigid straight rod model, which uses the actual length of conductors rather than the projected length, was used to determine the average windage yaw angle <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <q:mover accent="true"> <q:mi>φ</q:mi> <q:mo>¯</q:mo> </q:mover> </q:math> . Through the linear superposition of the horizontal increments of <t:math xmlns:t="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <t:mover accent="true"> <t:mi>φ</t:mi> <t:mo>¯</t:mo> </t:mover> </t:math> and <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <w:msub> <w:mrow> <w:mover accent="true"> <w:mi>φ</w:mi> <w:mo>^</w:mo> </w:mover> </w:mrow> <w:mrow> <w:mi>d</w:mi> </w:mrow> </w:msub> </w:math> (the peak value of <z:math xmlns:z="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <z:msub> <z:mrow> <z:mi>φ</z:mi> </z:mrow> <z:mrow> <z:mi>d</z:mi> </z:mrow> </z:msub> </z:math> ), the formulae to calculate the <bb:math xmlns:bb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"> <bb:mover accent="true"> <bb:mi>φ</bb:mi> <bb:mo>^</bb:mo> </bb:mover> </bb:math> of SISs were derived. Additionally, the formulae for the dynamic wind load factor, <eb:math xmlns:eb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"> <eb:msub> <eb:mrow> <eb:mi>β</eb:mi> </eb:mrow> <eb:mrow> <eb:mi>c</eb:mi> </eb:mrow> </eb:msub> </eb:math> , which is a key factor in designing wind loads for <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"> <gb:mi>φ</gb:mi> </gb:math> , were derived according to the principle of ESWLs, rather than being empirically determined by the Chinese code. Thus, the calculation model regarding the loads and response for the <ib:math xmlns:ib="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"> <ib:mi>φ</ib:mi> </ib:math> of SISs was established, and an actual TL was used to verify the established calculation model. Afterward, the influence of the different engineering design parameters on <kb:math xmlns:kb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"> <kb:mi>φ</kb:mi> </kb:math> and its <mb:math xmlns:mb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13"> <mb:msub> <mb:mrow> <mb:mi>β</mb:mi> </mb:mrow> <mb:mrow> <mb:mi>c</mb:mi> </mb:mrow> </mb:msub> </mb:math> were analyzed. The parameter analyses show that the wind speed, span, and ground roughness influence the magnitudes of <ob:math xmlns:ob="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14"> <ob:mover accent="true"> <ob:mi>φ</ob:mi> <ob:mo>^</ob:mo> </ob:mover> </ob:math> and <rb:math xmlns:rb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15"> <rb:msub> <rb:mrow> <rb:mi>β</rb:mi> </rb:mrow> <rb:mrow> <rb:mi>c</rb:mi> </rb:mrow> </rb:msub> </rb:math> , however, the height difference between the two suspension points of the conductors, the nominal height, and the sag-to-span ratio may be neglected in the approximate calculation. Our method offers a new solution to TL design when there are large deformations and small strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".