Performance of GCLs after long-term wet–dry cycles under a defect in GMB in a landfill
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with sodium bentonite and three GCLs with polymer-amended bentonite were subjected to wet–dry cycles selected to simulate the conditions to which a GCL on an 18° slope might be subjected: for a GCL below an exposed geomembrane wrinkle with a hole. The wetting involved water flowing over the GCL for 8 h each cycle. Three drying cycles (0.67, 7, and 14 days) were examined. After 12–18 months of wet–dry cycles, the samples were X-rayed to identify representative specimens for testing. The changes in the hydraulic conductivity, k, of the GCLs were obtained when permeated with two synthetic municipal solid waste leachates at an applied head of 0.35 m for a range of effective stresses (3–150 kPa). The results showed an up to four orders of magnitude difference in k depending on applied stress and RMD of the leachate permeant. The effects of the number and the duration of the wet–dry cycles, the GCL mass per unit area, presence/absence of polymer modification, the carrier geotextile, the number and the size of the needle-punched bundles, and the bundle thermal treatment are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".