Experimental super-Heisenberg quantum metrology withindefinite gate order
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Heisenberg limit, corresponding to a root mean square error vanishing as 1/N with the number N of independent processes probed in an experiment, is widely believed to be an ultimate limit to the precision of quantum metrology.In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a quantum metrology protocol surpassing Heisenberg limit by implementing indefinite (a superposition of) orders of two groups of independent processes. Each process creates a phase space displacement, and the precision to estimate the geometric phase introduced by a total number of 2N processes approaches the super-Heisenberg limit of 1/N 2 . In our setup, the polarization of a single photon coherently controls the order of displacements on the transverse modes of the radiation field, resulting into indefinite order and allowing us to outperform every setup where the displacements are probed in a definite order. Our experiment features a realization of coherent control over the order in a continuous-variable system, and can be applied to the measurement of various important parameters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".