Disorders of sexual development in the cat: Current state of knowledge and diagnostic approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: Any congenital or developmental abnormality of any part of the male or female reproductive tract is a 'disorder of sexual development' (DSD). The tricolored male cat phenotype, cryptorchidism, gonadal hypoplasia and incidental abnormalities such as cystic remnants or embryonic ducts are well-known feline DSDs. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Full characterization of DSDs requires sex chromosome determination and identification of genes related to development of the gonads, internal tubular genitalia and external genitalia. Fortunately, affected cats are seen sporadically and the clinical effects are usually minimal. CLASSIFICATION: The classification nomenclature has changed. In place of intersex, hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite and sex reversal, the newer standard classification, based on sex chromosomes, designates sex chromosome DSD when there is an abnormality in the sex chromosomes, and XX (female) and XY (male) DSDs where there is not. Identification of the gonadal type (testes, ovaries, ovotestes or gonadal dysgenesis) and documentation of the internal and external genital components completes the classification. EVIDENCE BASE: The original basis of the DSD classification was a consensus reached in humans. It was quickly accepted in veterinary pathology, courtesy of its logic and ease of application, and it has subsequently begun to appear in peer-reviewed papers and clinical reviews. This article reviewing the various disorders in cats is based on application of the classification and draws on the feline peer-reviewed literature encompassing chromosome analysis and definition of reproductive abnormalities, syndromes and diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".