Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanoscale apatite inclusions in xenotime: witness of Pb mobility Cilva Joseph1, 2, Denis Fougerouse1, 2, Steven M. Reddy1, 2, Aaron Dodd3, Steven Denyszyn4, David W. Saxey2, William D.A. Rickard2 1School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 2Geoscience Atom Probe Facility, John de Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 3Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, John De Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, Australia 4School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia Discordant ages as measured by 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U ratios in various geochronometers are common. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain discordant ages in different minerals. These include loss of radiogenic Pb, mixing of different age domains within a mineral, and intermediate daughter radioisotope disequilibrium. Xenotime (YPO4) is a geochronometer used to date different geological processes, such as diagenesis, metamorphism, and hydrothermal events. However, xenotime commonly yields small degrees of discordancy (<3%) by high precision geochronology techniques. To investigate the mechanism responsible for slightly discordant xenotime analyses, two ~1000 Ma crystals (z6413 and Y1) from Ontario and Western Australia were analysed using atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which provide sub-nanometre scale chemical and crystallographic analysis of minerals. Both samples have not undergone significant metamorphism (T < 300°C) after crystallisation. Combined APT and TEM results revealed the presence of nanoscale apatite [Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)] inclusions and crystal dislocations in the xenotime grains. APT data indicates that the apatite inclusions are rich in radiogenic Pb and that the dislocations are decorated with Ca, Cl and H. Nanogeochronology of xenotime by APT indicate that the apatite inclusions likely formed by exsolution during the cooling of crystals, capturing radiogenic Pb. Dislocations in the crystals may have acted as fast diffusion pathways leading to radiogenic Pb-loss and caused the U-Pb system disturbance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".