Design Wind Speed for Buildings and Facilities With Non-Standard Design Life in Canadian Wind Climates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design life can be longer than 50 years for critical structures or infrastructures and shorter than 50 years for non-residential structures or construction periods. Some building codes provide methods to derive factors for adjusting the design wind speeds for construction periods. Eurocode 1 provides a probability factor for calculating the design wind speeds for a specific return period regulated for a construction period of less than 1 year. The Australian ABCB Temporary Structures standard provides design wind speed for construction using a different assumption. The ASCE 37 in the USA provides design wind speed reduction factors for a design life less than 5 years by maintaining the probability of exceedance of the factored wind load for 50-year design life the same for a shorter design life. These approaches can result in different results and deserve some comparisons. The present study included another method that maintains the structural reliability of the non-standard design life the same as the structural reliability for the design life of 50 years. The derived factors for a design life shorter than 50 years using these methods were compared considering the Canadian wind climates. The calculated design wind speed adjustment factors for design life longer than 50 years were evaluated using various techniques and compared with the commonly used importance factors. The present study also characterized the directionality and seasonality of the Canadian wind climates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".