Bending Titanium Sheets with 3D-Printed PETG Tools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
3D printing is one of the contemporary technologies that can be used effectively to produce forming tools. Punch-rotary rocker arrangements were printed from Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) filament, and were used to perform bending process for sheets of Titanium Grade2 (TiG2). Four variables, each of which has four levels were investigated numerically by means of DEFORM 2D software to find out their effect on springback angle. Wall thickness (4, 6, 8mm, and solid 100% infill), rocker inner radius (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5mm), punch radius (1, 1.5, 2, 2.5mm), and plate thickness (0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.25mm). experimental work was also conducted to verify the numerical work. The results showed that increasing wall thickness decreases the resulting springback angle, and the deviation of spring back angle between the solid rocker and that of (6 and 8mm wall thickness) was 1.14% and 1.10% respectively. Also, it was found that increasing rocker inner radius, punch radius, and plate thickness decreases the spring back. For different rocker bending angle, "hook" phenomenon plays a major role in the resulting spring back value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".