A Review of Women‐Centered Programming and Research Evidence in the Federal Canadian Context
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter describes the evolution of women's imprisonment in Canada from being an adjunct to men's institutions to a separate, women-centered correctional system. The Task Force identified the five guiding principles for women's corrections: empowerment, meaningful and responsible choices, respect and dignity, supportive environment, and shared responsibility. The chapter presents the evolution of Correctional Service of Canada's (CSC) programming strategy since 1994. Under this strategy, CSC developed and implemented correctional and social programs, employment and employability programs, and mental health services to meet the needs of women. The chapter also describes the research evidence associated with CSC's women-centered programming model. In the summer of 2018, CSC implemented an Indigenous Intervention Centre model for incarcerated women, a key component of National Indigenous Plan responding to the disproportionate representation of Indigenous offenders in the criminal justice system. The chapter concludes with insights for moving forward, including challenges for conducting research with women in conflict with the law.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.023 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.016 | 0.029 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".