Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chains of mechanically interlocking or intersecting organic rings, called poly[ n]catenanes, afford interesting opportunities to study the role of orientation in suspensions. We call poly[ 5]catenanes olympiadanes. In this work, we use general rigid bead-rod theory to arrive at general expressions, from first principles, for the complex viscosity of poly[ n]catenane suspensions. General rigid bead-rod theory relies entirely on suspension orientation to explain the elasticity of the liquid. We obtain analytical expressions for the complex viscosity of poly[n]catenanes for both n even and odd, for both mechanically interlocking and intersecting rings, and for identically sized rings. We restrict our analysis to evenly spaced poly[n]catenanes of orthogonal adjacency. We find that the parts of the complex viscosity for intersecting and interlocking rings, when made dimensionless with the polymer contribution to the zero-shear viscosity, match. We find good agreement with the available complex viscosity measurements for molten intersecting polystyrene poly[1,3]catenanes, but not so for poly[2]catenanes. We next calculate space filling equilibrium structures of these poly[ 1–3]catenanes, only to discover that each polystyrene ring looks more like a bead. We find that, for these polystyrene poly[ n]catenanes and for good agreement with the available complex viscosity measurements, the shish-kebab theory suffices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.839 | 0.749 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".