Acids produced by lactobacilli inhibit the growth of commensal <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> and S24-7 bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Lactobacillaceae are an intensively studied family of bacteria widely used in fermented food and probiotics, and many are native to the gut and vaginal microbiota of humans and other animals. Various studies have shown that specific Lactobacillaceae species produce metabolites that can inhibit the colonization of fungal and bacterial pathogens, but less is known about how Lactobacillaceae affect individual bacterial species in the endogenous animal microbiota. Here, we show that numerous Lactobacillaceae species inhibit the growth of the Lachnospiraceae family and the S24-7 group, two dominant clades of bacteria within the gut. We demonstrate that inhibitory activity is a property common to homofermentative Lactobacillaceae species, but not to species that use heterofermentative metabolism. We observe that homofermentative Lactobacillaceae species robustly acidify their environment, and that acidification alone is sufficient to inhibit growth of Lachnospiraceae and S24-7 growth, but not related species from the Clostridiales or Bacteroidales orders. This study represents one of the first in-depth explorations of the dynamic between Lactobacillaceae species and commensal intestinal bacteria, and contributes valuable insight toward deconvoluting their interactions within the gut microbial ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".