Effectiveness of Retro Walking in Women with Osteoarthritis of Knee
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a major cause of mobility impairment, particularly among females. The incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases after menopause, and may be related to hormonal changes in women. Estrogen deficiency is known to affect the development of OA. Methodology: Eighteen post-menopausal women with knee Osteoarthritis of age 45-75 were assessed and selected for the study who satisfies the inclusion criteria and were assigned into two groups of 9 subjects each. In Group A the experimental group underwent a protocol with retro-walking along with conventional exercises and Group B conventional group was treated with Static Quadriceps, Terminal Knee Extension, IFT exercises and performed it for 3 months and the study period was 3 weeks. The outcome measures were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) scale, Modified Sphygmomanometer Test (MST), Timed Up to Go Test (TUGT). Using these outcome measures pre-test and post-test value were obtained. Result: The results were analyzed using paired and independent t- test. The significance level was kept as p < 0.05. In case of pain, there were significant difference between the pre- test and post-test WOMAC (pain) scores in both experimental and conventional groups, p< 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively. In the group comparison of WOMAC, the obtained p value was 0.015 (p < 0.05), hence there was a significant difference in post-test scores between the two groups. The mean difference 10 shows that the improvement is more significant in Experimental group. In case of functional mobility, there were significant difference between pre-test and post-test TUG scores in both experimental and conventional groups, p < 0.001, p < 0.01 respectively. In the group comparison, the obtained p value was 0.04 (p < 0.05), hence there was significant difference in post -test scores between the experimental and conventional groups. The mean difference 3.6 portrayed that the, Experimental group showed more significant improvement. In case of muscle strength, there were significant difference existing between the pre-test and post-test scores in both experimental and conventional groups, p < 0.001, p < 0.05. When the two groups were compared, the obtained p value was 0.02(p < 0.05) and hence there was significant difference in post -test scores between both the groups. The mean difference 7.2 shows more significant improvement in the Experimental group. Although both groups showed improvement, the scores in the experimental group are significantly higher than that of the conventional group. Conclusion: The study concluded that experimental group shows better in pain reduction, quadriceps muscle strength and functional mobility in experimental than control group. Key words: Osteoarthritis, Knee joint, Post-menopausal, Retro-walking, Pain, Muscle Strength, functional mobility, Quadriceps muscle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".