Prevalence of pre-eclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with pre-existing cardiomyopathy: a multi-centre retrospective cohort study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR; <3rd centile) in women with pre-existing cardiac dysfunction. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Maternity units in UK and Australia. Population: Pregnant women with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction<55%. Methods: Routine clinical data, including medical history and pregnancy outcome were collected retrospectively. Main Outcome Measures: Pre-specified outcomes included pre-eclampsia and FGR prevalence in women with pre-existing cardiac impairment, compared with the general population; and the relationship between pregnancy outcome and pre-pregnancy cardiac phenotype. Results: In this cohort of 282 pregnancies, pre-eclampsia prevalence was not significantly increased (4.6% [95% C.I 2.2-7.0%] versus population prevalence of 4.6% [95% C.I. 2.7-8.2], p=0.99); 12/13 of these women had additional obstetric/medical risk factors. However, prevalences of preterm pre-eclampsia (<37 weeks) and FGR were increased (1.8% versus 0.7%, p=0.03; 15.2% versus 5.5%, p<0.001, respectively). Neither systolic nor diastolic function correlated with pregnancy outcome; however, left ventricular mass index (LVMi) weakly correlated with pre-eclampsia (5g/m2 increase: OR 1.18 [95% C.I. 1.01-1.38], p=0.04). Antenatal ß blockers (n=116) were associated with lower birthweight Z score (adjusted difference -0.33 [95% C.I. -0.63- -0.02], p=0.04). Conclusions: This study demonstrated a modest increase in preterm pre-eclampsia and significant increase in FGR in women with cardiac dysfunction. These results do not support a causal relationship between cardiac dysfunction and pre-eclampsia, especially accounting for the background risk status of the population. The mechanism underpinning the relationship between cardiac dysfunction and FGR merits further research but could be influenced by concomitant ß blocker use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".