Hydraulics of flow over full-cycle cosine and rectangular sharp-crested weirs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of full-cycle cosine and rectangular sharp-crested weirs in free flow condition. The head–discharge relationships of full-cycle cosine weirs were determined theoretically and the discharge coefficients were correlated with weir geometry for both rigid and erodible bed conditions. The proposed model showed higher discharge coefficients in full-cycle cosine weirs in comparison with rectangular sharp-crested weirs. The three-dimensional velocity profiles of full-cycle cosine and rectangular weirs were measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter probe. The effects of weir geometry on mean flow and local erosion upstream of the weirs were studied for two sediment sizes of 0.7 mm and 1.2 mm. The time-averaged velocity profiles exhibited strong three-dimensional flow in full-cycle cosine weirs. The strength of the upper eddy in the crest location of full-cycle cosine weirs decreased by increasing the weir gap opening and the jet stream deflected upward due to uneven eddy sizes. The maximum streamwise velocity of cosine weirs increased by four times the average velocity at the crest level of the weir and the transverse velocity profiles captured strong vortices in the vertical plane closest to the weir. The effect of weir gap opening of full-cycle cosine weirs on the total scour volume was studied for two sediment sizes. It was found that the scour volume in the upstream region of cosine weirs was higher than the scour volume formed upstream of a rectangular weir with the same opening.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".