Scale Equivalence in Canada and the United States for Interpersonal Conflicts at Work and Individual Resilience in the Construction Sector
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interpersonal conflicts at work (ICW) and individual resilience (IR) that describes a person’s positive psychological capacity for performance improvement have the potential to affect construction safety performance. However, few research has been conducted to investigate these two factors on construction sites, e.g., how often ICW occurs on construction sites and whether the occurrence frequency is distributed similarly across countries. It is also necessary to examine whether workers from different countries interpret ICW and IR conceptually similar, which is a precondition for any comparison. By surveying 420 US construction workers and 837 Canadian construction workers, this study conducted measurement equivalence tests and compared the frequency of ICW on the surveyed construction sites. The results show that US and Canadian construction workers interpreted ICW and IR conceptually similar, although with different demographic background. In addition, US respondents reported fewer conflicts with their supervisors, which may be related to the slightly higher age, lower participation in safety committees, and fewer supervisors on site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".