A V-Shaped Microcantilever Sensor Based on a Gap Method for Real-Time Detection of E. coli Bacteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic-mode microcantilever sensor based on a gap method. The sensor has a V-shaped microcantilever and a fixed structure at a distance of 2 µm from its free end. The microcantilever is excited by applying an ac electric potential (3 Vp) to its piezoelectric pads and vibrates at its fundamental resonant frequency. An independent ac electric potential (200 kHz, 15 Vpp) is applied to the fixed structure. This creates a non-uniform electric field with its maxima at the gap and exerts a dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. The DEP force attracts and adsorbs the E. coli bacteria to the cantilever edge at the gap. The binding of the bacteria to the cantilever creates a shift in the resonant frequency of the microcantilever sensor, which is detected by a laser vibrometer. The real-time detection of E. coli bacteria samples, diluted in distilled water, was performed for concentrations of 105–103 cells/mL and the real-time frequency shifts were −2264.3 to −755 Hz in 4 min, respectively. The tests were expanded to study the effect of the electric potential amplitude (10, 12, 15 Vpp) and higher frequency shifts were observed for higher amplitudes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".