Rise of gender identity disorders among children and adolescents- data from 10 countries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is growing number of publications pointing to the global trend of a significant increase in people who identify differently to their biological sex. Children and adolescents are a particularly sensitive group here, as their identity is still under development. These trends are also reaching Poland. Parents and state services involved in the upbringing and education may be surprised and unprepared. There is small number of analyzes of these trends, especially in the context of the already available knowledge about gender identity disorders and further practical recommendations. The first part of the article presents epidemiological data illustrating the occurrence of gender identity disorders in the population. The methodological challenge was to define a reliable criterion illustrating the strength and scope of the observed changes in epidemiology among children and adolescents and at the same time enabling international comparisons of data from autonomous and world-wide clinics as the problem is the data availability at all. The article presents data on the explosion of gender identity disorders in children and adolescents based on the criterion of number of referrals to youth clinics from 8 countries: Sweden - an increase of 19,700%, Italy - 7,200%, Great Britain - 2,457%, the Netherlands - 904% and outside Europe: Australia - 12,650%, Canada - 538%, USA - 275%, and New Zealand - 187% (the article gives the exact time range). This data were also subjected to qualitative analysis (gender and age of reports, number of referrals versus diagnoses). The explanations given in the scientific literature were also collected and analyzed in relation to the available knowledge about the genesis of gender dysphoria, which, according to research, is predominantly of environmental origin. Both the scale of the trend and additional qualitative analyzes (change of the clinical picture and the inflow to clinics, especially of teenage girls), indicate that this trend cannot be explained only by an increase in social awareness, but also by the inducing influence of media and culture (additional studies that support these conclusions are mentioned). The article provides an overview of the available knowledge in the field of the epidemiology of gender identity disorders, especially in children and adolescents, and helps to define practical steps, especially in the neglected area of prevention, which is crucial from the point of view of parents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".