Heat Loss in Landfills as a Function of Landfill Size
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to understand the effect of size of landfill on heat accumulation, heat loss, and resulting temperatures, heat generation and heat loss were simulated using the commercial 3D geothermal simulator TETRAD. Three landfills were simulated each having the same total volume of 16.7 × 106 m3, liner areas ranging from 33.5 ha to 55.8 ha, and total heights ranging from 75 m to 121 m. The shape of all simulated landfills was symmetrical pyramidal frustum. Heat generation in all landfills was simulated by assuming an average waste heat generation rate of 0.5 W per cubic meter of waste. The temperatures of the waste simulated by the model for the first 10 years were plotted for comparison. The peak simulated temperature in these landfills was about the same. However, median temperature or average along a vertical axis passing through the center of landfill was slightly higher for the tallest landfill and slightly lower for the shortest landfill compared to the baseline landfill. This numerical study indicates that, flatter side slopes will have greater heat loss and lower median temperature than landfills that have steeper side slopes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".