Cd-doping effects in Ni–Mn–Sn: experiment and <i>ab-initio</i> study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Martensitic transformation (MT), magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Heusler-type Ni 47 Mn 40 Sn 13− x Cd x ( x = 0, 0.75, 1, 1.25 at. %) metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MetaMSMAs) are investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, as a function of doping with Cd. Ab-initio computations reveal that the ferromagnetic (FM) configuration is energetically more favorable in the cubic phase than the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state in undoped and doped alloys as well. Moreover, it is revealed that the alloys in the ground state exhibit a tetragonal structure confirming the existence of MT, in agreement with the experiments. It was indicated, both in theory and practice, that a reduction of the unit cell volume and an increase of the MT temperature as a function of the Cd doping. Indirect estimations of MCE in the vicinity of MT were carried out by using thermomagnetization curves measured under different magnetic fields up to 5 T. The results demonstrated that the doped alloys exhibit enhanced values of the inverse MCE comparable with those of Ni-Mn-based MetaMSMAs. Maximum magnetic entropy change in a field change of 2 T increases from 3.0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>J</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>.k</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>g</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>K</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the undoped alloy to 3.4 and 5.0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>J</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>.k</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>g</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>K</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mtext>1</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for the alloys doped with 0.75 and 1 at.% of Cd, respectively. The inverse and conventional MCE were explored by direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change under the magnetic field change of 1.96 T. The Cd doping increased the maximum of inverse MCE by nearly 78% from 0.9 K to 1.6 K for the undoped and doped alloys, respectively. The results depicted that Cd doping can effectively tailor the structural, magnetic, and MCE properties of the Ni–Mn–Sn MetaMSMAs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it