Solos Antropogênicos: solos decorrentes da ação humana em perspectiva ao Antropoceno
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Os solos antropogênicos são o resultado da modificação ou formação de aspectos físicos, químicos e morfológicos a partir da ação humana (antropogênese), especificamente na época Antropoceno, sobre solos ou ambientes naturais, seja adicionando ou retirando materiais na superfície terrestre, formando pedons ou corpos tridimensionais artificiais. Estes solos possuem uma diversidade de fatores na sua formação, entre os quais o período de tempo da sua formação, o tipo de alteração na constituição química, principalmente a adição de materiais orgânicos e inorgânicos e nas propriedades físicas e morfológicas, tais como textura, compactação, decapeamento e cor. A análise e estudos destes solos ainda podem ser consideradas complexas, em função principalmente das variáveis envolvidas e do material atualmente disponível para seu estudo. Neste contexto, existe uma forte discussão a nível acadêmico sobre a conceituação dos solos formados pela ação humana e principalmente a distinção destes. Desse modo, este artigo tem como base realizar um levantamento e discussão sobre os conceitos e características referentes aos três principais tipos de solos antropogênicos existentes no território brasileiro: arqueoantrossolos (Terra Preta de Índio e Sambaquis), antropossolos e solos urbanos. Portanto, o objetivo é realizar uma revisão, discussão e distinção para o conceito, e as características vigentes de cada tipo de solo antropogênico, abordando as principais e mais observadas características físicas, químicas e morfológicas detectadas em estudos voltados para estes tipos de solos.Palavras-Chave: Antropogênese, arqueoantrossolos, antropossolos e solos urbanos. Anthropogenic Soils: soils resulting from human action in perspective to the AnthropoceneA B S T R A C TAnthropogenic Soils are the result of the transformation or formation of physical, chemical and morphological aspects from the human action (anthropogenesis), specifically in the Anthropocene epoch, over soils or natural environments, either by adding or removing materials on the earth's surface, forming pedons or three-dimensional artificial bodies. These soils have a diversity of factors in their formation, such as the time of their formation, the type of alteration in the chemical constitution, mainly the addition of organic and inorganic materials and the physical and morphological properties, such as texture, compaction, tailing disposal and color. The analysis and studies of these soils can still be considered complex, mainly due to the variables involved and the material currently available for their study. In this context, there is a strong discussion at the academic level about the conceptualization of the soils formed by human action and especially the distinction of these. Thus, this article is based on a survey and discussion about the concepts and characteristics of the three main types of anthropogenic soils existing in Brazil: arqueo-anthrosols (Amazonian Dark Earth and Sambaquis/shell middens), anthrosols and urban soils. Therefore, the objective is to perform a review, discussion and distinction for the concept, and the current characteristics of each type of anthropogenic soil, addressing the main and most observed physical, chemical and morphological characteristics detected in studies aimed at these types of soils.Key-words: Anthropogenesis, arqueo-anthrosols, anthrosolos and urban soils.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".