DEM study of the alteration of the stress state in granular media around a bio-inspired probe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil penetration is a ubiquitous energy-intensive process in geotechnical engineering that is typically accomplished by quasi-static pushing, impact driving, or excavating. In contrast, organisms such as marine and earthworms, razor clams, and plants have developed efficient penetration strategies. Using motion sequences inspired by these organisms, a probe that uses a self-contained anchor to generate the reaction force required to advance its tip to greater depths has been conceptualized. This study explores the interactions between this probe and coarse-grained soil using 3D discrete element modeling. Spatial distributions of soil effective stresses indicate that expansion of the anchor produces arching and rotation of principal effective stresses that facilitate penetration by inducing stress relaxation around the probe’s tip and stress increase around the anchor. Spatial strain maps highlight the volumetric deformations around the probe, while measurements of both stresses and strains show that the state of the soil around the anchor and tip evolves toward the critical state line. During subsequent tip advancement, the stresses and strains are similar to those during initial insertion, leading to the remobilization of the tip resistance. Longer anchor and shorter anchor-to-tip distance better facilitate tip advancement by producing greater stress relaxation ahead of the tip.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".