Anti-inflammatory effect of lentil hull (Lens culinaris) extract via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and effects of digestive products on intestinal barrier and inflammation in Caco-2 and Raw264.7 co-culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polyphenol-rich lentil hulls are the by-product of lentils hulling process. In this manuscript, in vitro digestion, Caco-2 cell monolayer and Caco-2/RAW264.7 cell co-culture model were established to explore their anti-inflammatory mechanism, absorption of digestive products (RLD), and impact on the intestinal barrier. Results shown that high dose RLE and GLE could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO (30.23% and 31.08%, respectively), IL-6 (81.48% and 56.82%, respectively) and IL-1β (88.05% and 91.67%, respectively), and down-regulate the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS (56.46% and 45.69%, respectively) and COX-2 (76.53% and 46.65%, respectively), and inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Polyphenols can be released from lentil hulls and protocatechuic acid glycoside derivative has the highest content (2205.09 ± 7.02 μg/g DW). Digestive products can be absorbed by intestine to maintain intestinal barrier and play anti-inflammatory effect. Above all, lentil hulls may be a potentially valuable functional dietary resource.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".