Anti-inflammatory effect of lentil hull (Lens culinaris) extract via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and effects of digestive products on intestinal barrier and inflammation in Caco-2 and Raw264.7 co-culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The polyphenol-rich lentil hulls are the by-product of lentils hulling process. In this manuscript, in vitro digestion, Caco-2 cell monolayer and Caco-2/RAW264.7 cell co-culture model were established to explore their anti-inflammatory mechanism, absorption of digestive products (RLD), and impact on the intestinal barrier. Results shown that high dose RLE and GLE could significantly inhibit the secretion of NO (30.23% and 31.08%, respectively), IL-6 (81.48% and 56.82%, respectively) and IL-1β (88.05% and 91.67%, respectively), and down-regulate the protein and mRNA expression of iNOS (56.46% and 45.69%, respectively) and COX-2 (76.53% and 46.65%, respectively), and inhibit the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Polyphenols can be released from lentil hulls and protocatechuic acid glycoside derivative has the highest content (2205.09 ± 7.02 μg/g DW). Digestive products can be absorbed by intestine to maintain intestinal barrier and play anti-inflammatory effect. Above all, lentil hulls may be a potentially valuable functional dietary resource.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".