Integrating quantitative and qualitative data in mixed methods research: An illustration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Employing a mixed methods approach to research is meant to deliver a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon under study. An integral step in mixed methods research is integrating qualitative and quantitative data. However, published reports rarely detail the process of mixing data from both approaches. Presented here is an illustration of integrating qualitative and quantitative data sets using a convergence table. A review of mixed methods research in LIS is presented, and a reflection on the challenges of integration is shared. As the mixed methods approach increases in LIS research, the example offered here aims to make integration more transparent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.223 | 0.129 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".