Fabric response to stress probing in granular materials: Two-dimensional, anisotropic systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The microstructure of granular materials has a significant influence on their macroscopic quasi-static strength and deformational behaviour. This microstructure is often quantified by a second-order fabric tensor that describes the primary orientational statistics of interparticle contacts. Here, it is investigated how the fabric tensor changes when samples are subjected to small (strain) loadings with different ‘directions’, i.e. probes. This is accomplished by the analysis of extensive sets of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations for various anisotropic, pre-peak two-dimensional samples, where both in-plane (i.e. coaxial with the current stress and fabric tensor) and out-of-plane, noncoaxial probes are considered. The results of DEM simulations show that the in-plane and out-of-plane fabric responses are effectively decoupled, i.e. they are only dependent on the in-plane and out-of-plane strain increment, respectively. The out-of-plane fabric increment is proportional to the out-of-plane strain increment whereas the in-plane fabric increment is linearly dependent on the in-plane strain increment. An accurate theoretical description (with a modest number of model parameters) has been developed that describes the fabric response to the imposed, in-plane as well out-of-plane, strain increments for the considered systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".