Performance of Station Excavations for LA Metro K (Crenshaw/LAX) Line
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the effects of excavations in Los Angeles on the surrounding ground surface. Three large excavations with varied support systems for stations constructed as part of the K (Crenshaw/LAX) Line Transit Project provide an opportunity to acquire data through an extensive geotechnical investigation and field monitoring program to further our understanding of soil-structure interaction and excavation-induced ground deformations. The ground conditions encountered on site include alluvial deposits of silts, clays, and sands. The data acquired illustrates that ground displacement and wall deflection largely depend on the stiffness of the excavation support system. Support systems with relatively high stiffness are able to successfully limit surface settlement behind excavations. The data shows that heaving caused by unloading governs the soil response given the relatively small lateral support wall deformations. Current empirical models are unable to capture this ground behavior. An update of these empirical relations is needed to represent this behavior in support of the design of future excavations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".