Using Fly Larvae to Convert Food Waste for Growing Oujiang Color Common Carps: Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The present study used Chrysomya megacephala larvae (CML) to transform food waste into safe and high-quality fish feed to substitute fish meal as a source of protein for growing Oujiang color common carps followed by a human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The pretreatment significantly reduced the concentrations of PAHs in dish waste (118 ± 27.3 µg kg− 1 dry weight, p < 0.05), and the proportion of 5,6-ring PAHs from 35–17%. Concentrations of ∑PAHs (314 ± 60.4 µg kg− 1) and 5,6-ring PAHs (283 ± 66.4 µg kg− 1) in the CML were the highest when the culturing density was 1.0 g kg− 1. In addition, concentrations of BaP in the CML decreased with the increase of culturing density (p > 0.05), and the proportion of BaP in ∑PAHs decreased by 62.8–93.7%. 5,6-ring PAHs were the most abundant component of PAHs in the residue (p < 0.05), accounting for 91.3% PAHs. The residues as organic fertilizers have no potential ecological risk for PAHs. Furthermore, the consumption of Oujiang color common carps fed with the CML feed does not pose any health risks of PAHs for humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".