Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Montreal Protocol (1987) prohibited halogenated hydrocarbons with a high ozone depletion potential (ODP) because of their harmful effects on the ozone layer, which protects the earth from UV radiation. The greenhouse gases (GHG) utilized in contemporary refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat-pumping systems are subject to a time-limited permit term under the Kyoto Protocol (1997). The European Union law (2014) and the Paris Accord (2016) place a significant emphasis on the phase-out of hazardous synthetic refrigerants in order to prevent ozone depletion and reverse climate change impacts. The usage of natural refrigerants results in no net increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment. Extensive research is being conducted globally to adapt and alter current cooling and heating systems utilizing natural refrigerants. This study uses the Refrigerant Qualitative Parametric (RQP) quantification model to examine timeworn, current, and next-generation refrigerants in order to aid the refrigerant selection process. It is calculated using the arithmetic sums of real refrigerant parametric values adjusted to corresponding ideal values. This model may aid in the selection of alternative refrigerants for temporary replacement of CFCs with HCFCs or HFCs, and eventual replacement of HCFCs or HFCs with low GWP and ODP synthetic and natural refrigerants.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".