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Record W4223495240 · doi:10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.1.52

A Review Paper on Natural and Synthetic Refrigerants

2022· review· en· W4223495240 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Pooran Singh, Jitendra Jitendra

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typereview
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicRefrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRefrigerantMontreal ProtocolOzone layerEnvironmental scienceGreenhouse gasOzone depletionAir conditioningRefrigerationGlobal warmingWaste managementProcess engineeringClimate changeOzoneEnvironmental engineeringMeteorologyEngineeringGas compressorGeographyEcologyMechanical engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The Montreal Protocol (1987) prohibited halogenated hydrocarbons with a high ozone depletion potential (ODP) because of their harmful effects on the ozone layer, which protects the earth from UV radiation. The greenhouse gases (GHG) utilized in contemporary refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat-pumping systems are subject to a time-limited permit term under the Kyoto Protocol (1997). The European Union law (2014) and the Paris Accord (2016) place a significant emphasis on the phase-out of hazardous synthetic refrigerants in order to prevent ozone depletion and reverse climate change impacts. The usage of natural refrigerants results in no net increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the environment. Extensive research is being conducted globally to adapt and alter current cooling and heating systems utilizing natural refrigerants. This study uses the Refrigerant Qualitative Parametric (RQP) quantification model to examine timeworn, current, and next-generation refrigerants in order to aid the refrigerant selection process. It is calculated using the arithmetic sums of real refrigerant parametric values adjusted to corresponding ideal values. This model may aid in the selection of alternative refrigerants for temporary replacement of CFCs with HCFCs or HFCs, and eventual replacement of HCFCs or HFCs with low GWP and ODP synthetic and natural refrigerants.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.957
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.033
GPT teacher head0.288
Teacher spread0.255 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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