Tight association between microbial eukaryote and giant virus communities in the Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Viruses are important regulatory factors of the marine microbial community including microeukaryotes. However, little is known about their role in the northern Chukchi Sea in the Arctic basin, which has oligotrophic conditions in summer. To clarify the link between microbial eukaryotic communities and viruses as well as environmental conditions, we investigated the community structures of microeukaryotes (from 3 to144 μm and from 0.23 μm size bio‐particles collected from seawater) and Imitervirales (from 0.23 μm size bio‐particles collected from seawater), a dominant group of viruses infecting marine microeukaryotes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated both Imitervirales and eukaryotic communities in the Arctic Ocean. Surface water samples were collected at 21 ocean stations located in the northeastern Chukchi Sea and an adjacent area outside the Beaufort Gyre (Adjacent Sea), and at two melt ponds on sea ice in the summer of 2018. At the ocean stations, nutrient concentrations were low in most of the locations, except the shelf in the adjacent sea. The community variations were significantly correlated between eukaryotes and Imitervirales, even within the northeastern Chukchi Sea characterized by relatively homogeneous environmental conditions. The association of the eukaryotic community with the viral community was stronger than that with geographical and physicochemical environmental factors. These results suggest that Imitervirales actively infect their hosts even in the cold and oligotrophic seawater in the Arctic Ocean.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".